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»ýÈÇÐ2 ÀӽýÃÇè À¯Çü º¸±â ´ÙÀ½ °¢ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Àаí O, X¸¦ ±âÀÔÇϽÿÀ. (1) ¼¼Æ÷¿Í ¼¼Æ÷´Â connexinÀ̶ó´Â ´Ü¹éÁú·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ connexon¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¼¼Æ÷°£ communicationÀ» ÇÑ´Ù ( ) (2) Jap junctionÀº ¼¼Æ÷»çÀÌ¿¡¼ ´Ü¹éÁú°ú ÇÙ»êÀÇ ¿î¹Ý¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù ( ) (3) NeuronÀÇ cell ³»ºÎ´Â ³ôÀº ³óµµÀÇ K+¿Í ³·Àº ³óµµÀÇ Na+¸¦ °¡Áö´Âµ¥ ÀÌÀÇ ³óµµ gradient´Â ATP pump¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÃßÁøµÈ´Ù ( ) (4) Multidrug resistance¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁúÀº ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ATPaseÀÌ´Ù ( ) (5) Cardiotonic steroids´Â Na-Ca ATPaseÀÇ °·ÂÇÑ ÀúÇØÁ¦ÀÌ´Ù ( ) (6) Simple diffusion¿¡´Â entropyÀÇ Áõ°¡°¡ ¼ö¹ÝµÈ´Ù ( ) (7) Facilitated diffusion¿¡´Â ATP°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù ( ) (8) MetabolismÀÇ ¹Ý´ë °³³äÀº anabolismÀÌ´Ù ( ) (9) ¸ðµç »ýÈÇÐÀû ¹ÝÀÀÀº amphibolic pathway¸¦ °æÀ¯ÇÏ¿© ÀϾ٠( ) (10) ź¼Ò¿¬·áÀÇ È¯¿ø(reduction)Àº ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ ¿¡³ÊÁö ÁÖ¿ä ±Þ¿øÀ¸·Î¼ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù ( ) (11) ¸ðµç ´ë»ç°úÁ¤Àº energy-coupling agentÀÇ È°¾àÀ¸·Î ¿¿ªÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù ( ) (12) NADH´Â ȯ¿øÀú rtodÇÕ¼º¿¡, NADPH´Â ATP »ý¼º¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù ( ) (13) RibozymeÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¿¹´Â ribonucleaseÀÌ´Ù ( ) (14) primary messenger´Â ligand¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀÇ signalÀ» Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù ( ) (15) ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ ÀλêÈ´Â ÁÖ·Î S, Y, WÀÇ Àܱ⿡¼ ÀϾ٠( ) (16) 7 transmembrane receptor¸¦ GPCRÀ̶ó°íµµ ÇÑ´Ù ( ) (17) Ca ionÀº cytosol ³»¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â secondary messengerÀÌ´Ù ( ) (18) G proteinÀº ´ëü·Î heterodimerÀÌ´Ù ( ) (19) A23187°ú ionomycinÀº Ca ionÀÇ ¼ö¼ÛÀ» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â ÀúÇØÁ¦ÀÌ´Ù ( ) (20) Æ÷À¯·ù³ª ÃÊÆĸ®ÀÇ ½ÅÈ£ °ü·ÃÀÇ ºÐÀÚ ½ºÀ§Ä¡°¡ ¿©·¯ ºÎºÐ¿¡¼ domainÀÌ À¯»çÇÑ »ç½Ç·ÎºÎÅÍ À̵éÀÌ ÁøÈÀÇ À¯¿¬°ü°è¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù ( ) ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ºó Ä¿¡ ¿µ¾î ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¹Ýµå½Ã Àû¾î ³Ö¾î½Ã¿À. (21) ( ) acts by binding to calmodulin and other calcium sensors. Calmodulin contains 4 calcium-binding modules called EF hands that recur in other proteins. (22) if the genes encoding components of the signal-transduction pathways are altered by mutation, pathological conditions, most notably cancer, may result. In their mutated form, these genes are called ( ). Mutated version of ras are frequently found in human cancers. (23) ( ) is coupled to the oxidation of carbon fuels, either directly or through the formation of ion gradients. Photosynthetic organisms can use light to generate such gradients. (24) The most valuable thermodynamic concept for understanding bioenergetics is ( ). A reaction can occur spontaneously only if the charge in ( ) is negative. (25) The study of ion channels has been revolutionized by the ( ), which was introduced by Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann in 1976. This powerful technique enables the measurement of the activity of a single channel to be measured. ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °£´ÜÈ÷ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ. (1) Ca ionÀÌ second messengerÀÎ °ÍÀ» ½ÇÇèÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ¸íÇÑ ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ. (2) JAK2¿Í STAT5¿Í ¿¬°üµÈ cross-phosphorylationÀ» ±×¸²À¸·Î ¼³¸íÇ쵂 signalÀÌ onÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿Í off°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ. (3) signalÀÇ Àü´Þ°úÁ¤¿¡¼ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ cellular components·Î ´ÙÀ½À» µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̵éÀ» Á¶ÇÕÇÏ¿© ÀüüÀûÀÎ signal transductionÀÇ pathway¸¦ ¿Ï¼ºÇÏ¿© º¸½Ã¿À. receptor, secondary messenger, protein kinase, protein phosphatase (4) Metabolic pathways¿¡ °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ATP, NADH, FAD, Coenzyme AÀÇ ÁøÈÇÐÀûÀÎ À¯»çÁ¡À¸·Î °¡Àå È®¿¬ÇÑ Á¡Àº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? (5) Metabolic process´Â 3°¡ÁöÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Á¶ÀýµÇ´Âµ¥ À̸¦ °£·«ÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ. (6) ATPÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö ÁØÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇ쵂 coupled reactionÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ. (7) Active transport¿Í passive transportÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡À» ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ. |